A consequence that increases a behavior as a result of adding a stimulus is called what?

The correct response is based on the principle of positive reinforcement, which is a core concept in behavioral analysis. Positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior is followed by the addition of a stimulus that increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. For example, if a child receives praise (the added stimulus) for completing their homework, the praise increases the likelihood that the child will complete their homework again.

In understanding why this choice is correct, it is essential to consider that the focus is on the addition of a stimulus to strengthen behavior, which is precisely what positive reinforcement entails. This principle is foundational in behavior modification and emphasizes the role of rewards or reinforcers in shaping behavior.

In terms of the other options, negative reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior, whereas punishment typically aims to decrease a behavior, either by adding an undesirable stimulus or removing a desirable one. Behavioral enhancement is not a standardized term in behavior analysis and does not directly relate to the increase of behavior through the addition of a stimulus. Thus, positive reinforcement is the most accurate term that describes the scenario provided in the question.