Which approach focuses on behaviors that can physically coexist with the behavior to be targeted for reduction?

The approach that focuses on behaviors that can physically coexist with the behavior to be targeted for reduction is differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI). This method involves reinforcing a behavior that cannot happen simultaneously with the undesired behavior. For example, if a child is being taught to remain seated rather than get up frequently, you would reinforce them for engaging in a behavior that requires them to be seated, such as reading a book or completing a puzzle.

DRI is effective because it directly addresses the undesired behavior by providing an alternative that is physically incompatible, thereby decreasing the chance that the undesired behavior will occur while simultaneously promoting the desired behavior. This focus on physical coexistence creates a clear distinction between the behaviors and encourages the individual to adopt behaviors that foster positive outcomes.

In contrast, the other approaches mentioned have different criteria; for instance, differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) involves reinforcing any alternative behavior that serves a similar function as the undesired behavior, but these behaviors do not necessarily have to be incompatible. Differentiating between these methods highlights the specific emphasis of DRI on incompatible behaviors.