Which behavior reduction procedure delivers the functional reinforcer if the target behavior occurs at or below a specific number within a time frame?

The behavior reduction procedure that delivers the functional reinforcer if the target behavior occurs at or below a specific number within a time frame is known as differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL). In this method, reinforcement is provided when the frequency of the target behavior is maintained below a predetermined limit within a specific timeframe. This approach helps in encouraging the individual to reduce the occurrence of the behavior while still allowing for its expression, thus promoting a more adaptive and acceptable behavior pattern.

DRL is particularly effective in cases where the goal is to decrease a behavior that may not need to be entirely eliminated but rather moderated. For instance, if a child frequently shouts out answers in class, applying a DRL procedure would reinforce the child when they limit their shouting to a certain number of occurrences within a given period, fostering more appropriate classroom behavior. This strategy helps the learner maintain some level of engagement with the behavior, while working towards achieving a more desirable frequency.

In summary, the distinction of DRL lies in its focus on decreasing the rate of a behavior rather than eliminating it entirely, which aligns perfectly with the question's description.